Unipivot tone arms


Help me Understand how Unipivot tonearms function  what are the advantages and disadvantages?

lstringfellow

There are various ways to implement unipivot tonearms, so, at best, one can only offer generalizations about how they perform.  A unipivot, by apply the whole force from the weight of the tonearm and cartridge on a tiny point, means that the bearing is very highly loaded and unlikely to rattle.  But even though it is highly loaded, friction is quite low because the contact area is small.  

From a practical point, most unipivot arms rock side to side when being handled, and that is disconcerting to some people.  Whether it rocks and otherwise behaves in an untoward way when playing is a highly debated issue.  Most unipivot arms employ some kind of damping fluid to damp undesirable vibration, but, even that practice has its detractors.

There are unipivot arms that go through quite a bit of trouble to reduce any tendency to rock sideways by employing stabilizing mechanisms.  Graham uses magnets on the arm that are attracted to magnets on a free moving structure that is on the base of the arm to stabilize the arm.  Basis unbalances the arm so that it has a tendency to want to roll in one direction, and that roll is then resisted by something that sticks out and contacts a roller bearing on the pillar of the arm.  Of course, these added structures do increase friction and thereby reduce one of the purported advantages of unipivots and such structures will, like any added mechanism on an arm, become a potential source of mechanical vibration.  Most unipivots rely on outrigger weights on both sides of the arm tube to add stability, sort of like the giant poles that tightrope walkers use for added balance.

As to sonic quality, one must judge that for oneself.  There are a few such arms that have a lot of fans.  Graham gets a lot of praise for their arms, as does Basis Audio.  Although not as commonly seen, Moerch makes arms that, to me, sound quite good with the right cartridge.

I've heard some outstanding unipivot pickup arms, such as the VPI at Soundsmith, but I have a prejudice against them. Frankly, I find the wobbly feel to be just creepy.

On paper, unipivot is inferior.

Properly setup and handled, you're not going  to "hear" its  deficits comparing it with other implementations.

S.O.T.A. tables typically are NOT unipivot.

Longtime VPI user.

 

Got a used VPI that came with 2 unipivots, I upgraded the arms as I’m not a fan of unipivots.

As I mentioned above, there are many kinds of unipivot tonearms, and different designs address performance challenges differently.  One cannot say that any particular design is superior or inferior because no arm does everything perfectly. 

Among the somewhat unique designs is the Supatrac tonearms that utilize both a fishing line and a sideways unipivot as the moving elements of the arm.  This is a unique design which I have heard, but, only in an unfamiliar system; the system did sound good to me.  

Viv Float utilizes a hardened ball sitting in a magnetic cup as a kind of unipivot.  Magnetic forces not only reduce the downward load of the ball on the cup, it is used to increase the resistance against movement of the bearing assembly within the cup thereby providing the needed rigidity of the bearing.  This arm has a lot of other unconventional design features that do away with most of the skating force on a cartridge at the expense of very high tracking angle error.  But, the end result is a very good sounding arm.  Again, it is hard to say how much the pivot design has to do with the sound, but, it sounds good so the pivot must be good.

The Kuzma 4-point arm is closer in design to a unipivot than conventional gimbal bearing arms.  It too is a very good tonearm.

I don't see any basis for saying that Graham, Basis, Kuzma, Supratrac, Viv Float, Moerch, VPI, arms are inherently inferior to other arms out there.  I don't think they are superior to other designs either.  There are many successful ways to skin this cat.