Cartridge recommendations?

Grado prestige series. 
Grado specialty series. 

the AT VM540ML is really good, and within your budget...

Very musical sounding cart as is the MP-200 mentioned previously. 

Stereo Imaging: go for wide channel separation, combined with tight channel balance. Check those specs for any cartridge you consider, then read reviews.

I’m a fan of Audio Technica Cartridges.

You budget is a bit low, this one fits, it is an elliptical cartridge with good separation and balance

https://www.audio-technica.com/en-us/cartridges/type/moving-magnet/vm530en-h

I’m a fan of advanced stylus shapes (Microline, Line Contact, SAS, Shibata, etc.

My recommendation is that you find some more money, even if it takes a bit longer, to get this $250. one, wide 28db sep; tight 1 db balance.

https://www.audio-technica.com/en-us/cartridges/type/moving-magnet/vm540ml

This is AT’s least costly advanced stylus, in your budget, you might think better, BUT: poor channel separation, only 23db

https://www.audio-technica.com/en-us/cartridges/type/moving-magnet/at-vm95ml
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Note: any cartridge, and especially advanced stylus shapes require careful alignment to hear their potential, you need some basic tools and skills, or a friend with either/both.

Also: advanced stylus shapes last longer, so eventually you will actually be spending less money.

Stylus Shapes Info

https://www.sound-smith.com/articles/stylus-shape-information

• Spherical / Conical - 150hrs
• Elliptical - 250hrs
• Shibata/Line contact - 400hrs
• SAS/MicroRidge - 500hrs

At that budget level, get the best Grado you can afford.