Some thoughts about tonearm wire


Recently, I purchased a used AT-1100 tonearm with two arm tubes.  It has the original factory silver wire, a nice touch I thought.  When I open the arm up to clean the bearings and re-oil them, I discovered the tonearm wire is so thin that it is not much thicker than the thin hair on my balding head!  I am talking about the OD of the insulation, the wire itself is much thinner!  The other tonearms I opened up to clean and re-oil, the copper wire was so much thicker.  

I am not making a comment here about whether silver or copper is better.  But no one seems to consider the wire gauge of the wire in question when discussing sound quality vs. wire material.  Regardless of how one material might sound over another, if the resistance, capacitance, and inductance is the same, the comparison has merit.  This silver wire is so thin, I can't help to think any sound improvement (or loss, depending on your viewpoint) is swamped by the gauge differences.   

Sure, silver is a better conductor than copper, but only when the gauge is the same. Once the silver wire gauge gets smaller, copper starts having an advantage in resistance, while silver starts having an advantage in reduced capacitance and disadvantage in higher inductance when compared to copper of a given gauge.  

I can't help thinking gauge is one thing that differentiates sound quality of silver vs. copper in tonearm wiring, as well as cabling to the preamp.  Those MC signals are tiny, and MM or MI is not a lot better. MC sees a very low impedance, so inductance and resistance becomes more of a factor than capacitance.  MI and MM sees a much higher impedance, so capacitance becomes more dominant than inductance or resistance.

Thoughts or comments?

 

 

spatialking

@dover WOW!!! LOL I did not know you had a comedy side to you.   

I kept info in my post about a Continuous Wire design on a removable Wand Tonearm, where the Wire is a run from Cartridge lead out Pins through to the RCA connection at the Phonostage.

Wire that is used within the OEM Model, is soldered onto concealed within the Wand Connectors, between Head Shell Bayonet Connection and the attachment to bearing assembly, is wire that does not impact on the freedom of movement.

Wire attached to the Connector on the bearing assembly and RCA Phono Cable connection is able to impact on the freedom of the bearing movement.

I proposed the methodology for a wiring, that is required to do away with connections onto the concealed connectors and explained the Tonearm would then become a permanent attached Wand Tonearm. Expecting for some users feeling that this restriction was to be unattractive for their intentions.

Your final comment is just hilarious, almost to the point you are believing a poor April Fool. How Blind are those in Love and those carrying Hate.

Mate did you get your wires crossed surprise 

Recently I made a decision to rewire my Linn Ittok LVII tonearm since it had been repaired once before for a broken solder joint which necessarily resulted in deliberately crossing wires and compensating accordingly.  If I ever sold the Linn LP12 I'd have to explain the reasoning for the miswire and I really din't want to have to do this so I contact Brit Audio about a rewire.  My intention was to only replace the wires within the tonearm itself, from cartridge pins to the din connector at the base of the tonearm.  In my haste, I accidentally (that's what I told my wife) ordered the "Incognito" upgrade which replaces the wire from the headshell pins all the way to the RCA terminals that connect to the phono preamp thereby eliminating the DIN connector.  It was more expensive for sure but was clearly my error.  I was most concerned about the ability to dress the cable properly so that it did not consequentially affect the tonearm.  I put everything back together as best I could and damn if it doesn't sound better than ever.  The quality of the wire and eliminating the DIN connector made a huge difference.  The clarity, extension and smoothness is way better almost like what one might expect with a better phono stage.  Extremely happy I did the upgrade and my wife forgave me. Whew.

Spatialking, I strongly doubt that the wire in your tonearm is as thin as 50 AWG. 50 AWG wire is approximately 0.0010 inches or 0.0254 millimeters in diameter. Typical tonearm wire is 33AWG or thereabouts.  There used to be a school of thought among audiophiliacs that favored solid core wire and with a gauge as thin as practicable.  Michael Percy Audio used to sell and maybe still sells a special brand of Japanese 6N copper wire that is 40u (microns) in diameter, or .0015748 inches, which means it is a bit wider in diameter than your estimate of what you see in your AT tonearm.  I have seen an IC made with that 40u stuff; it was almost invisible and incredibly fragile, enough that the company that made it, Mapleshade Audio, gave up on it. Anyway, as others have said, I would leave the wire in your AT tonearm alone, if it were me making the decision. 

Also, you state you are worried about resistance, capacitance, and inductance.  By and large the gauge of the wire will only affect resistance per unit foot.  The geometry of the winding, if any, is what mostly determines reactance (capacitance and inductance). If the individual leads are twisted together, for example, that would affect reactance as compared to running the 4 leads (left, right, hot, ground) side by side.  Solid core vs stranded wire would also make a difference in reactance.

By the way, if anyone has a meter that can measure down to 80 milliohms (.08 ohms), let me know. I’ve owned many different ohmmeters including the best of both analog and digital, and none can measure below 0.1 ohms, more usually 0.2 ohms, and that’s with the two leads touching.

@lewm There is no way that tonearm wire is as thick as 33g!  One can see the insulation, but one cannot see the wire inside it when looking at the end cut. I have a wire stripper that can strip down to 32g, but that insulated wire slips right through it.  

As for wire gauge affecting only resistance, that is not true.  The math for calculating inductance is complex, but you can find inductance calculators online to determine the inductance of a wire.  The bandwidth numbers I posted above are just from that calculation. 

Also note that wire has a surface area just like capacitors.  Put them closer together, the capacitance goes up.  Make the surface area larger and the capacitance goes up.  Move them apart, capacitance goes down and inductance goes up.  The fact is, resistance, inductance, and capacitance are linked together.  Changing one will alter the others.  

I do have a milliohm meter in the lab, and it uses a 4 terminal Kelvin measurement.  It can easily measure 0.001 and 0.0001 Ohms.  The catch is it pumps 10 Amps down the test subject, and it measures the voltage drop to display milliohms.  If I pumped 10 Amps down that tiny wire, I am sure it would smoke it!  Frankly, I would be squeamish about sending a 1mA as a test current.  The only way I could measure the resistance in that tonearm is to determine the lead resistance and subtract that from the reading.  Indeed, a process fraught with errors.

The best approach would be to just replace the wire with a known & larger gauge  I can't do this in the lab, and the quotes from folks who can do this is more than I want to spend on the project.