You can spend a little and get very good results if you've got steady hands and take your time. It's not rocket science. There are at least two good free protractors I'm aware of and have used with good results. The Vacuum State protractor works very well and is my preference. One thing that will help a lot is to block the turntable platter from rotating while you are doing this. Take a glob of blu-tack or something similar and chock it between the platter and the plinth to block it in place. As far as a scale goes, an inexpensive Shure balance scale works fine for your Ortofon. A more expensive digital scale is more accurate but the Shure will be fine for now. If you are obsessively worried about marking up your headshell with mounting hardware, you can buy small nylon washers from well stocked hardware stores that can go between the screws and headshell. However, an obsessive cartridge setup guru will tell you that nylon washers will compromise optimal coupling of the cartridge and might degrade your sound. A test record is a nice thing to have but isn't essential IMO.
http://www.vacuumstate.com/index.dna?rubrik=4&lang=2&a=%2580%2529%25F4%25FCj%255E%25E55&b=735841.6985163312
http://www.vacuumstate.com/index.dna?rubrik=4&lang=2&a=%2580%2529%25F4%25FCj%255E%25E55&b=735841.6985163312