For now, there are lots of great suggestions here in this thread, like those above. For example, I can vouch for the Schiit Mani 2, which is how I started out. It has some loading flexibility for a wide variety of cartridges. Great way to start, and not very expensive.
One interesting aspect of this hobby that I have seen in no other: The higher up you move in the analog food chain the fewer features you will see. A cheap AT TT will have auto arm capabilities (start / return). You rarely see these on higher-end tables. You will rarely, if ever, see BlueTooth or built-in pre-amp on a more precisely engineered TT. Think about why that is.
Eventually, consider reaching out to some of the boutique TT manufacturers, as well. Maybe not just yet, but in the future. Yes, these are more expensive, but you are buying not just the table and gear, but the engineering philosophy and an ongoing relationship -- someone who can mentor you, and occasionally hook you up with secondhand equipment that far exceeds what you can find online.

