Expanding the Class D Conversation: How Would You Characterize Their Differences?


Expanding the Class D Conversation: How Would You Characterize Their Differences?

I'm currently trialing the NAD M23 (1st gen. Eigentakt-based), and I find it intriguing enough to want to understand it better — which means understanding the broader sonic landscape of class D. So I'm crowd-sourcing.

In a recent exchange, the estimable Ralph Karsten (Atma-Sphere Music Systems) made two comments that stopped me cold. For those who missed it, here's what he said:

"IME, class D amps vary in sound more than tube amps, which is to say, quite a lot."

"IMO there is a bigger difference between various class D amps than you hear between various tube amps. IOW just because you heard one class D amp says nothing about how the next one might sound."

Link: https://forum.audiogon.com/posts/2885828

As I think through this more carefully, these are genuinely important claims. My own experience with tube amps confirms that they produce audibly distinct characters across topologies and designs. If Ralph is right and class D exceeds that range, then generalizing from one class D experience to another is even more hazardous than I assumed.

One specific question for Audiogon members:

If you have a Class D amp or have compared class D amplifiers, how would you describe their character(s)?

Here are some criteria I use:

  1. Frequency balance — Is the tonal response even across bass, mids, and treble, or does it favor certain regions?
  2. High-frequency texture — Are the highs extended and smooth, or edgy, grainy, and fatiguing?
  3. Bass definition — Is the low end tight and articulate, or loose and bloated?
  4. Midrange character — Does the midrange feel present and natural, or recessed and thin?
  5. Transient speed — Does the amp respond quickly to dynamic attacks, or does it sound sluggish and rounded?
  6. Dynamic range — Does it scale convincingly from quiet passages to loud ones, or compress the difference?
  7. Soundstage width and depth — Does it create a convincing three-dimensional image, or sound flat and narrow?
  8. Image specificity — Are instruments and voices placed precisely, or do they blur and wander?
  9. Background noise floor — Is the silence between notes actually silent, or is there grain, haze, or hash?
  10. Long-term listenability — After an extended session, do you want to keep listening, or has something been quietly fatiguing you?

If you can include relevant system context — room, speakers, preamp — please do. Those variables will help me interpret what the amp itself is contributing.

I'm less interested in rankings than in understanding what Ralph mentioned, namely the [vast] range of sonic signatures class D is capable of. Eigentakt, Hypex, Pascal, Purifi, GaN-based, etc. — all fair game.

Price is no constraint here — I'm interested in the full range of what's out there.

hilde45

@kirkwallace  Thanks so much. Glad you’re enjoying it. An important fact about my speakers are they’re 97 db and are above 8 ohms mostly. They roll off at 60 hz. A super easy load. This is why Class D does not have that much advantage over other amps. Class D has wonderful power but my speakers are very easy loads. They can be driven with a handful of watts with alacrity. 

The speakers you mentioned benefit mightily from class D. The DALI Menuet SE
is I think 86 dB and 4 ohms. The Joseph Audio Perspective2 Graphene is, I think 84 dB, 8 ohms with a nice high minimum of 5.5 ohms. Though a bit less sensitive (~83.6 dB measured by Stereophile, nominal 84 dB), the Joseph’s impedance profile is benign, I read.

But either way, these speakers can show off the benefits of a Class D amp’s power and invariance. I happen to have speakers that are easier and show the benefits of Class D less easily – and probably the reason why, overall, I still see the Class A amps I have heard as better, overall. Most people don't have my speakers. Most people can benefit from the power in Class D. And it's great that makers like Ralph and AGD and others are thinking hard about how to implement with musical ends foremost in mind. I would like to try Ralph's amps next. Just have to bite the bullet. I'd be excited to write them up after some time with them. 

Make complete sense, @hilde45 .  What shocked me was that, at least in my room, with my other components, for the JA speakers, the DIA 400-S was clearly superior to my big Class AB amp.

I’d love to see your write up of @atmasphere ’s Class D monoblocks.

To @kirkwallace looking at the power amplifiers, interesting how the mono, four, six channel amplifiers from Gato Audio are all listed for the exact same price. 

One might normally expect the mono amps to be lower cost, but I guess not for now, all the same price at E4495 ea. I wonder if any rooms at Axpona will have them playing for people to listen to and check them out there?

https://www.gato-audio.com/eu/electronics/power-amplifiers.html 

@decooney i don’t know, but I’m guessing that the 4 &6 channels are class D; so, it makes sense that they are priced in line with the DIA 400-S.  The pwr-222 are AB and of course one needs 2 of them.

I’ll be interested to see what’s new in Class D, especially if anyone goes to Axpona. There seems to be a lot of new products coming out, and new developments. We know that AGD has at least three iterations of its mono blocks. 

GaN is obviously the biggest recent shift – they switch faster and dissipate less heat than silicon MOSFETs. Interesting explainer about Infineon is here.

I’ve heard Peak unveiled its first GaN-based amplifier module at CEDIA Expo 2025 in Denver

And of course there are recent versions of the Purifi 1ET9040BA (Eigentakt).

Buckeye has come out with a new Hypex Nilai, competing with the Purifi 9040 module.

There’s also this nice write up about Class A vs. Class D here.

This article has lots of generalizations in it. Some choice quotes:

[Ralph of Atmasphere called Class D] “the future of audiophile amplification,” saying his new models sound “every bit as good” as his tube designs. With it, the distortion is handled in a way that preserves a smooth, natural character.

Greg Stidsen, NAD’s Director of Technology, points to the measurements. “The best Class D designs already compete with and beat most Class A and AB amplifiers,” he said. “Using the benchmarks for measured performance, that’s indisputable.”

Paul McGowan of PS Audio:

“You can’t say Class D will wipe out Class A or AB — each has its sweet spot,” he said, “but progress is being made, and we’re all for it.”

Nelson Pass’s comment was interesting to me:

“My longtime business partner Joe Sammut used to say, ‘It’s entertainment, not dialysis,’” he said. “We build what we like, and some audiophiles enjoy living with it.”

Pass respects Class D’s progress but still prefers the simplicity and sound of his Class A amps: “I explored it years earlier… but it didn’t appeal to me.”

The Pass responses and this paragraph – essentially getting as "synergy" between amp and speakers, is resonating with my particular, system-specific experience. 

When Class A Still Makes Sense

Even as Class D dominates the numbers game, Class A still earns its place for listeners chasing a specific character and simplicity. Its fully linear, always-on operation keeps transistors within their most predictable range. And, it produces a natural harmonic structure that some describe as richer or more “alive” with acoustic instruments and vocals.

For high-efficiency speakers, especially horns or single-driver systems, Class A’s modest power output is more than enough, and the low feedback design often pairs beautifully with minimalist setups.

Many engineers and enthusiasts also value its circuit elegance and repairability, as it has no switching stage, no complex control loops, just heat, current, and purity.

In short, Class A remains the right call when the goal isn’t laboratory transparency. But a musical experience shaped by simplicity and tone, where the extra heat and power draw are part of the charm rather than a compromise.

In my experience so far, I would NOT say that the better Class D I’ve heard – AGD, mainly – brings nothing unique to the table. It definitely does, and in ways no Class A does. But overall – with all the factors considered together and adding up to musical engagement and tonal friendliness, it does not. 

This does not rule out, for me, getting another amp – a musical sounding Class D. But it would not displace my Class A. With my speakers, tastes, etc. For perhaps the vast majority of moderately or harder to drive speakers out there, my guess is that Class D is now competing very well with Class A. But, if you get the right speakers first, then I think there is a Class A or A/B amp out there that will sound really good, and you might have to spend a lot to get a Class D to sound as good, and even then, it might be missing the qualities which make you the happiest.