More discrete R2R Mulibit dacs.

Here are some direct links to this amazing looking circuitry.

https://static.wixstatic.com/media/4b933e_1f4d615d52364f9eb3e891e34ed6487d~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_520,h_347,q_85,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01/4b933e_1f4d615d52364f9eb3e891e34ed6487d~mv2.jpg

https://static.wixstatic.com/media/4b933e_7b7dd4e1915747b091426786bb2b0c7d~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_520,h_387,q_85,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01/4b933e_7b7dd4e1915747b091426786bb2b0c7d~mv2.jpg

https://static.wixstatic.com/media/4b933e_737f10672a6a419a8564a75bfa5cb699~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_520,h_306,q_85,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01/4b933e_737f10672a6a419a8564a75bfa5cb699~mv2.jpg

Cheers George

So, all those discrete components combined replace one chip?

kalaliSo, all those discrete components combined replace one chip?

Yep, and they stopped making them years ago, because  Delta Sigma was more than 20 x cheaper to make and allowed for dsd use, probably because there was no laser trimming to be done like in an r2r ladder multibit dac, the last true ladder mulitbit being the Burr Brown PCM1704. It was only 24/96 this thing above can do  24/382

Cheers George

There's always the Analog Devices AD5791 that's used in the Schiit Yggdrasil.  Granted, it's only 20 bit, but it's still a true R-2R ladder.  And expensive at minimum $60 a pop.