Vacuum Record Cleaner Rreplacement

@ljgerens  "The cavitation process itself produces high localized temperatures."

Reference? Amount of delta T? Duration? Pressure yes, and that leads to bubble formation. Bubbles are NOT due to heat, but due to pressure change. Easy to demonstrate by taking room temperature water, start pulling vacuum. Soon enough it "boils" but not because of temperature but pressure. Particularly with water's high heat capacity, I'm skeptical about any temperature effect due to US. Not a physicist for sure. I have run US for half an hour at room temperature (for SEM specimen preps), and there is no perceptible temperature change after that amount of time.

Interesting re that U-shape curve. Reference? Scale? Whether U shape has maximum at 100 and minimum at 99 or 10 makes a difference, and determines whether it matters in practical applications. And, it will also depend on the specific compound, so assessment of a variety of them to see common pattern and variance will be important for proper consideration.

@audphile1 re SPL typically around 70. Actually, doing gainstaging with Zesto SUT, PS, and preamp, I have been able to cut down on tube noise. I am so glad that you dismiss my own observations out of hand. So refreshing! And, no, there is no digital interface anywhere, except when I play digital music, of course. It is what it is. That is my listening experience. 

@oberoniaomnia 

Refreshing? Well I aim to please.
 

First of all make up your mind. Is it the tube noise that you don’t hear between tracks or is it the surface noise that you don’t hear. Two different things entirely. 
You stated earlier you don’t have surface noise but you still have tube noise between tracks if you crank the volume up.
Now you’re saying you eliminated tube noise. 

I 100% believe tube noise in phono stage can be eliminated using SUT if the tubes in your phono manage the gain for LOMC and you bypass them with external SUT. I had no tube noise with low output MC into Lab12 Melto2 tube phono. Gain is achieved by using lundahl internal SUTs in that phono amp - tubes have nothing to do with gain in some circuits.
So now back to record surface noise between tracks. No bueno there convincing me it ceased to exist on top of your turntable platter. Do I believe you can’t hear it? Sure. If you have volume too low you won’t hear it. But raise it to around 70-80db and there’s no going around the noise that stylus makes traveling the space between tracks. 

@oberoniaomnia 

You and @ljgerens are both right .  At the macro level, running an ultrasonic machine does not warm the body of water to any appreciable extent.  Hence my Vevor has a thermostatically controlled electric heating element built in in order to adjust the bulk temperature of the water.

On the microscopic scale however, things seem very different.  Remember that temperature measures molecular kinetic energy.  With ultrasonic waves creating cavitation followed by implosion, some molecules become very agitato indeed - possibly about as hot as the surface of the sun according to Wikipedia.  But there is insufficient time to transfer that heat to things it could damage.  It is a bit like the quantum theory of 'empty' space, where particles are created and annihilated at random.

Cleaning is caused by shock wave from the collapse of cavitation bubbles, see Wayback Machine for a scientific exploration.

From Ultrasonic cleaning - Wikipedia

An ultrasound generating transducer built into the chamber, or lowered into the fluid, produces ultrasonic waves in the fluid by changing size in concert with an electrical signal oscillating at ultrasonic frequency. This creates compression waves in the liquid of the tank which 'tear' the liquid apart, leaving behind many millions of microscopic 'voids'/'partial vacuum bubbles' (cavitation). These bubbles collapse with enormous energy; temperatures and pressures on the order of 5,000 K and 135 MPa are achieved;^[7][8] however, they are so small that they do no more than clean and remove surface dirt and contaminants

"tubes have nothing to do with gain in some circuits."  Those would be solid state circuits, because otherwise, even if you use a SUT, most of the gain, even though the phono stage is in MM mode and making, say, only 40db of gain, the SUT is typically supplying another 20db or maybe 30db if cartridge output is really low.  So even in that case, most of the gain comes from an active tube based gain stage.  As for surface noise, in my experience that varies wildly from one LP to the next. But most of the time, surface noise is not intrusive, in either of my two systems. It's there for sure, but only becomes evident when you change from a quiet LP to a very quiet LP.  And that's where surface cleaning can help. I listen "loud" by the way. My impression is that surface noise is more evident in between bands, and that may be related to how LPs are cut. So I don't really care about surface noise until there is also music, when it typically recedes to below some mental limit that would make it annoying.  If it IS annoying, the LP goes into the bin.

@audphile1 

Like you, I am trying to make sense of the "no surface noise" debate.

Most audiophiles will agree that every component adds noise to some extent or other.

Some other factors to consider include the type of music being played.  Surface noise hardly bothers me on most jazz tracks I have played, because the average volume is so high.  I imagine the same applies to other genres like heavy metal.  And DJs are known to 'scratch' records by performing unnatural acts on turntables .

Records seem to achieve a signal to noise ratio of about 60 to 70-dB.  But big orchestral music has dynamic ranges of 70 to 90-dB.  That's probably why I am so sensitive to imperfections in the quiet bits!

Then there is the difference between solid state and valve amplification.  Valves, as I understand it, have substantially more thermionic noise than solid state, because they run hotter.  So there is the potential for valve noise to mask surface noise.

As you say. if the volume is not cranked up, a lot of noise will be inaudible.

LOMC is inherently noisier than optical because far more gain has to be used.

I was so surprised by the residual hiss when I auditioned a Holbo system with a LOMC cartridge when it was not playing that I went back to see what the cause was.  It was somewhere in the amplification chain. The records I took in sounded very clean and have improved significantly with the DS Audio optical cartridge.