Expanding the Class D Conversation: How Would You Characterize Their Differences?


Expanding the Class D Conversation: How Would You Characterize Their Differences?

I'm currently trialing the NAD M23 (1st gen. Eigentakt-based), and I find it intriguing enough to want to understand it better — which means understanding the broader sonic landscape of class D. So I'm crowd-sourcing.

In a recent exchange, the estimable Ralph Karsten (Atma-Sphere Music Systems) made two comments that stopped me cold. For those who missed it, here's what he said:

"IME, class D amps vary in sound more than tube amps, which is to say, quite a lot."

"IMO there is a bigger difference between various class D amps than you hear between various tube amps. IOW just because you heard one class D amp says nothing about how the next one might sound."

Link: https://forum.audiogon.com/posts/2885828

As I think through this more carefully, these are genuinely important claims. My own experience with tube amps confirms that they produce audibly distinct characters across topologies and designs. If Ralph is right and class D exceeds that range, then generalizing from one class D experience to another is even more hazardous than I assumed.

One specific question for Audiogon members:

If you have a Class D amp or have compared class D amplifiers, how would you describe their character(s)?

Here are some criteria I use:

  1. Frequency balance — Is the tonal response even across bass, mids, and treble, or does it favor certain regions?
  2. High-frequency texture — Are the highs extended and smooth, or edgy, grainy, and fatiguing?
  3. Bass definition — Is the low end tight and articulate, or loose and bloated?
  4. Midrange character — Does the midrange feel present and natural, or recessed and thin?
  5. Transient speed — Does the amp respond quickly to dynamic attacks, or does it sound sluggish and rounded?
  6. Dynamic range — Does it scale convincingly from quiet passages to loud ones, or compress the difference?
  7. Soundstage width and depth — Does it create a convincing three-dimensional image, or sound flat and narrow?
  8. Image specificity — Are instruments and voices placed precisely, or do they blur and wander?
  9. Background noise floor — Is the silence between notes actually silent, or is there grain, haze, or hash?
  10. Long-term listenability — After an extended session, do you want to keep listening, or has something been quietly fatiguing you?

If you can include relevant system context — room, speakers, preamp — please do. Those variables will help me interpret what the amp itself is contributing.

I'm less interested in rankings than in understanding what Ralph mentioned, namely the [vast] range of sonic signatures class D is capable of. Eigentakt, Hypex, Pascal, Purifi, GaN-based, etc. — all fair game.

Price is no constraint here — I'm interested in the full range of what's out there.

hilde45

"@hilde45 I don’t think we were "led to believe it" so much as it was actually slowing down. War, tariffs, fires, and hoarding in response."

Well some may share again how fewer (specialty) vintage tubes are available yes, sure, and for many of us, that ship sailed 5 years ago already. All my vintage stuff is hoarded away, and frankly I really don't use it much any more. Most are backup tubes at best. I for one don't run tube amps with extinct tubes any more.  

There are so many more new tube options out than we saw 5 years ago. I also believe this is why some of the vintage sellers have peeled off and called it a day.  Some of my new tubes sound as good or better than my best vintage tubes.  

@atmasphere decooney, There might be something from Audiophile Junkie. I checked YT and it doesn’t appear to be up so far...

Hard to find, but found it. No mention of your Atma-Sphere ClassD amps so I skipped the long talk about other components and the song itself, video starting at 2:40 where the song track starts. The actual bass on the song starts to kick in after 5m or so into the video. Hopefully others who were there will chime in more about what they heard :), Great to see your amps there, congrats! 

https://youtu.be/TigVaqSRSXI?si=_FAAGkv2DKf02rdp&t=161

 

 

My money is on tubes becoming more niche, more expensive. Non-tubes, including Class D, seems a wise bet, still, for anyone who's selling to the wider market.

I'm not so sure. If the FL Audio Show and Axpona are any indication, it seems tube gear is expanding, if anything. Tubes at the shows are everywhere. The (growing) availability of good to excellent new production tubes in recent years is also a big plus as they support folks buying gear and not relying on the NOS tube merry-go-round. 

That in no way reflects on the "non-tube" market which also seems to be doing quite well. 

@nogaps  I hope you're right. My best guess is that shows are a selection effect, not a market sample. VAC, Audio Research, and VTL exhibit at AXPONA because they have decades of brand equity and a loyal, affluent customer base — which is precisely who attends. They'd exhibit regardless of broader technology trends, just as traditional watchmakers still fill Baselworld booths while smartwatches dominate unit sales.

The vinyl parallel is instructive. Tubes may be thriving the way vinyl thrives — as a premium, artisanal, culturally meaningful practice sustained by a committed minority, not as a technology holding its own in the broader market. That's vitality of a real but specific kind. Whether it survives a genuine tube supply downscaling — which EveAnna Manley and Ralph Karsten warns is closer than many admit — remains the open question. Still, if you've got money, you probably don't need to worry. But makers look to the larger or growing markets, and it seems clear that will not be tubes.

it seems counterintuitive that one would distort so much more than the other as to make a readily audible difference.

@devinplombier I don't see what is counterintuitive. The ear uses higher ordered harmonics to sense sound pressure; since it has over 120 dB range, it has to be very sensitive to their presence. On top of that, the ear uses harmonics to tell the difference between sounds- like that of a clarinet vs a trumpet or strings. To do that it has to be sensitive to the differences since there are a lot of sounds in the world :)

So now we're going to add some higher ordered harmonics (as that is what you usually see when the load impedance goes down or when the amp has to deal with strange phase angles in the speaker). In a good high power solid state amp, that's not going to be much; keep in mind the ear is optimized to pick up those harmonics. The ear will interpret that as brightness, harshness and likely sounding louder due to the loudness cues higher ordered harmonics provide.  

How much that happens is a different matter, but its measurable in all amps even at low power. As a result a simple way any speaker designer can make their speaker seem to be more relaxed and detailed (two good things to have at the same time) is to keep the impedance up and the load easy. 

So I don't see what is counterintuitive.