Balanced connection/amplification for phono?


Here's a poser I don't know the answer to: Phono cartridges are inherently electrically-balanced devices. They output an extremely low-level signal, which must then be carried on low-loss cabling (both within the tonearm, where cabling must obviously be lightly constructed, and the interconnects leading away from the 'table, where demands of optimal signal-transmission can be at odds with the use of heavy shielding) and pre-preamplified to a high gain factor, both areas susceptible to signal degradation via environmentally-borne RFI/EMI contamination. Yet despite the importance of maintaining high signal-to-noise ratios in these wires and circuits under difficult conditions, few turntables or phonostages offer fully-balanced connection and topology, and most audiophiles must connect and amplify their naturally-balanced phono cartridges in single-ended mode while employing relatively noisy, lossy RCA jacks. Why is it that phono connections and low-level preamplification aren't routinely carried out in electrically-balanced mode, so as to take full advantage of the penalty-free (aside from cost) noise-cancellation properties (regarding both signal transmission, and self-noise/distortion of the high-gain amplification) enjoyed by complementary circuits? This would seem to me to be an easy conclusion, and yet it's something fairly rare to find. Can you guys enlighten me as to why this should be the case?
zaikesman
For a wire run as short as that between the phono pickup and the preamp the benefits of balanced lines would not be significant.

Microphones have low level output, like phono pickups, but are often used with very long cables, and I bet that some mic preamps accept balanced line input. A mic preamp that I have has only single ended inputs, but it has a switch to cut in RIAA equalization so that it can also be used with a phono pickup. Your job is to find a mic preamp that has both these features. Start with the Shure catalog.
I like the questions you are asking. I have a balanced tonearm cable (hovland din to xlr) into a BAT vkp10SE with fully balanced inputs. It helps. More queit background, bigger stage. It wasn't huge, but did help. Also, I have a friend with a Io, that recently swithed to balanced off the cartridge. Simlilar experiences.

I wish I could answer your questions, but my personal experience leads me to believe you are making good assumptions.
i know an individual who runs 2 krell kpa's, balanced, one per channel. the connection is as you are wondering balanced from cartridge to phono stage to pre to amp...this is what i would call a true balanced system.

the kpa is otherwise a stereo unit

one of the better questions out there and one that requires a manufacturer to question why they go to single ended operation when the balanced is naturally available.
Great question. But phono signals are not balanced. They are floating. A balanced connection requires three signals, positive phase, negative phase, and reference (commonly ground). Cartridge coils have only two wires per channel. For balanced, the coil would have to be center-tapped.

That's the main reason it isn't done. However, one trick will do the job; you can receive with a center-tapped transformer. Tie the center tap to ground and the cart now has a solid low impedance common mode connection and you get positive and negative relative signals.

Many phono stages that have XLR inputs don't run true balanced or differential mode. They just tie one of the phases to ground.

My Trumpet Phono is fully balanced throughout, front to back. I suppose the BAT is too. Not sure anyone else is doing it.

jh
Audio Research's PH2 was balanced ins and outs only. It is a fine sounding unit.