Expanding the Class D Conversation: How Would You Characterize Their Differences?


Expanding the Class D Conversation: How Would You Characterize Their Differences?

I'm currently trialing the NAD M23 (1st gen. Eigentakt-based), and I find it intriguing enough to want to understand it better — which means understanding the broader sonic landscape of class D. So I'm crowd-sourcing.

In a recent exchange, the estimable Ralph Karsten (Atma-Sphere Music Systems) made two comments that stopped me cold. For those who missed it, here's what he said:

"IME, class D amps vary in sound more than tube amps, which is to say, quite a lot."

"IMO there is a bigger difference between various class D amps than you hear between various tube amps. IOW just because you heard one class D amp says nothing about how the next one might sound."

Link: https://forum.audiogon.com/posts/2885828

As I think through this more carefully, these are genuinely important claims. My own experience with tube amps confirms that they produce audibly distinct characters across topologies and designs. If Ralph is right and class D exceeds that range, then generalizing from one class D experience to another is even more hazardous than I assumed.

One specific question for Audiogon members:

If you have a Class D amp or have compared class D amplifiers, how would you describe their character(s)?

Here are some criteria I use:

  1. Frequency balance — Is the tonal response even across bass, mids, and treble, or does it favor certain regions?
  2. High-frequency texture — Are the highs extended and smooth, or edgy, grainy, and fatiguing?
  3. Bass definition — Is the low end tight and articulate, or loose and bloated?
  4. Midrange character — Does the midrange feel present and natural, or recessed and thin?
  5. Transient speed — Does the amp respond quickly to dynamic attacks, or does it sound sluggish and rounded?
  6. Dynamic range — Does it scale convincingly from quiet passages to loud ones, or compress the difference?
  7. Soundstage width and depth — Does it create a convincing three-dimensional image, or sound flat and narrow?
  8. Image specificity — Are instruments and voices placed precisely, or do they blur and wander?
  9. Background noise floor — Is the silence between notes actually silent, or is there grain, haze, or hash?
  10. Long-term listenability — After an extended session, do you want to keep listening, or has something been quietly fatiguing you?

If you can include relevant system context — room, speakers, preamp — please do. Those variables will help me interpret what the amp itself is contributing.

I'm less interested in rankings than in understanding what Ralph mentioned, namely the [vast] range of sonic signatures class D is capable of. Eigentakt, Hypex, Pascal, Purifi, GaN-based, etc. — all fair game.

Price is no constraint here — I'm interested in the full range of what's out there.

hilde45

Exactly.  This point gets missed a lot by the spec-only engineers. I look for amps designed by the true sound designers. Not as many of them around any more.  

---

An amplifier engineer focuses on the technical, electrical, and mechanical design (circuitry, component selection, power, thermal efficiency) to ensure optimal signal reproduction and reliability. A sound designer for home audio focuses on the voice and artistic aesthetic, using engineering to achieve a specific "sonic character" or subjective "warmth"

@decooney The head engineer of HH Scott, Daniel vonRecklinghausen said:

[quote]If it measures good and sounds bad, it is bad. If it sounds good and measures bad, you've measured the wrong thing.[/quote]

An engineer that ignores everything except certain measurements is likely ignoring human hearing perceptual rules. 

 

 

Good points. My main point was just to say that there can be sonic designs that do not sound warm which are nevertheless the product of someones intentional, artistic, sonic preference.

I don't think anyone would argue that all something has to do is measure well. Let's set that aside. It's prima facie clear.

The interesting bit came a bit earlier, when @decooney said:

A sound designer for home audio focuses on the voice and artistic aesthetic, using engineering to achieve a specific "sonic character" or subjective "warmth". 

That implied pretty directly, that "if it's not warm, it's not displaying artistic aesthetic, sonic character, and warmth."

That seemed contestable, because there are many designs which are not warm but which are artistic, show sonic character, etc.

But now he's added a personal anecdote about what he's heard, saying,

It was a great reminder each of us may have different hearing and preferences about what is good, warm, and/or fatiguing.  No desire to go back and listen again.

Glad to see that clarification. It's limited now as a personal declaration about what he likes. It's no longer a general rule about what can count as artistic. And who can argue with what a person likes?

 

 

 

@hilde45 - Thanks for these fascinating write-ups and reviews. Really enjoyed your accounting of these different experiences. I learned a great deal. At some point, I'd love to hear the Pass xa25 amp. 

Thus far the only amp that I've had in my system that competes with the AGD Audion's for transparency and dynamics is the Gryphon 120. The Gryphon 120 is a fabulous amp. 

For class D?

AGD really has hit it out of the park. And Alberto is great to communicate with too! 

>> My main point was just to say that there can be sonic designs that do not sound warm which are nevertheless the product of someones intentional, artistic, sonic preference.  <<

I’d definitely agree with that.

It’s been a few posts ago, but could I go back to the characterization of an amp as "shouty"? I would appreciate getting a clearer picture of what’s meant by that by @hilde45 . I would consider a setup to be shouty if there was an emphasis (even if not measurable) around 1 kHz to 3 kHz. But I am not sure that’s the same thing that was meant here.

 

@mike_in_nc 

It’s been a few posts ago, but could I go back to the characterization of an amp as "shouty"?

Clumsy phrase on my part. 

Here’s a better way to say it. I’m describing upper midrange forwardness or presence region emphasis — a boost or lack of control roughly in the 2–5 kHz range that causes vocals, brass, and attack transients to project aggressively. These are loud moments that feel stressed rather than effortlessly loud. Another way to describe it would be "hardness on peaks" or glare in the upper mids. In short, the sound becomes irritating or fatiguing precisely when the music demands the most from the amp.

Better?