Dear all, just an update. I got it working but you'll never guess how.
I ran into the guide below, explaining how to install a music streamer on a Raspberry Pi4B. I had one laying around by accident. So I installed Volumio on it, bought a higher end 2m USB cable and it plays bit perfect DSD256 to my T+A MP 3100 HV. It's a bit weird to see a 150 USD solution dangling behind the T+A, but it works.
To make it clear: with this Pi based solution, I can play (at least up to) DSD256 from a USB stick plugged in the Pi, over USB to the "USB DAC" port on my T+A MP 3100 HV. Config was too easy to be true, certainly compared to Foobar2000.