@lewm
if an electron or a negative ion is neutralized by positive ions in a dust particle (your hypothesis), then that negative particle it is able to exert no force
That is not my full contention - you need to look at both the sub-microscopic and macro scales. At the sub-micro level, the electron remains embedded in the vinyl. It does not move - the insulator does not become a conductor. But the electron is attracted to the positive charge in the dust particle, as you have previously pointed out, with a force that obeys an inverse square law. The force between the two is huge yet the two charges are separated.
This applies to a comb attracting a bit of paper. The paper does not fall off if it touches the comb. The charges remain separated.
But step away and wave a charge meter around, and there will be no reading because at a distance the fields from the two opposite charges cancel. This is similar to using a Hall-effect ammeter, which gives zero reading if the outgoing and incoming conductors, carrying equal and opposite currents, are both in the gap.
In the Standard Model, gravity is regarded as one of the four fundamental forces of nature along with the weak and strong nuclear forces, plus the electromagnetic force. Gravity is not part of the Standard Model, which cannot explain gravity’s extraordinary relative weakness, nor does the Standard Model integrate with relativity.
EMI comprises energy packets called photons, which can interact with electrons to change their energy levels, as in light emitting diodes and photo-receptors. They cannot change the charge carried. I think you are looking for ionising radiation, which has far higher energy than found in hi-fi gear, unless an unwanted spark is letting all the smoke out.