Higher Impedance MC Carts on Transimpedance Stages?


Can anyone explain what happens if one pairs a transimpedance / current injection phono stage with a moving coil cartridge whose impedance may be higher than optimal? What would the result be?

This question arose from someone who wanted my thoughts on the BMC MCCI Signature ULN phono stage that I use as my reference, but that individual is using a Kiseki Blue which is spec’d to have an internal impedance of 40 Ohm, which I’ve found is higher than typical MC cartridges. 

@lewm and @rauliruegas, you guys likely can answer this easily, but of course open to anyone else that can explain.

Thanks!

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Nothing blows up. The mating would be inefficient as the internal impedance of the cartridge exceeds the input impedance of the BMC, which we think is around 2-3 ohms. Thus some of the signal voltage derived in the Kiseki would be lost to ground.  But also, the Kiseki probably produces very little signal current; you can estimate that by dividing its output voltage by it internal impedance.  I don't know the output of a Kiseki but for example if it is 0.4mV then its signal current is around 0.4mV/40 ohms = ~10 micro-amperes.  For comparison, even my Ortofon MC2000 which produces only .05mV of signal voltage makes 25 micro-amperes of signal current because its internal impedance is only 2 ohms. Nevertheless, one might take advantage of the BMC's adjustable gain (0, +7, +11, or +14db) and set the gain high using the internal jumpers. My prediction is it won't be satisfying but worth trying.

Mathematically, current (I) is defined as the Voltage (V) divided by the Resistance (R):

I = V/R

The current (I) is inversely proportional to the resistance (R) , i.e., the higher the current, the lower the resistance and vice versa, the lower the current, the higher the resistance.  Therefore if the resistance of your cartridge is high, you will get lower current and as a result also lower voltage.  High impedance cartridges will result in lower output and will sound like your phonostage doesn’t have adequate gain.

I worked this out. Bandwidth is where current is half of maximum. This occurs when impedance from cart inductance equals cart resistance. If the bandwidth is acceptable, cart will run fine.  Bandwidth is given as:

f = R/(6.3*L);

Or you can use the handy calculator I placed on this web page:

https://www.hagtech.com/loading.html

Hagtech, In your equation, I assume R is the internal resistance of the cartridge and L is the cartridge inductance. Since you speak of "bandwidth", "f" must be bandwidth. Further I assume R is in ohms and L is in henries. I must have something wrong, because if those assumptions are correct, then LOMCs with high internal R (>>10 ohms), like the Kiseki, would have much greater bandwidth than a typical LOMC with an internal R of ~10 or less. This happens because LOMCs have very low inductance, usually less than 50 microhenries, and therefore the denominator is always going to <<1.0. Further, I would think an equation to determine bandwidth resulting from a specific match between cartridge and phono would have to include parameters of both the cartridge and the phono stage.

For example, the Kiseki with an internal resistance of 40 ohms and an inductance of say 50 microhenries or .000050 Henries (cannot find the actual value on line) would have a bandwidth in excess of 100KHz. Whereas a more typical LOMC with an internal R of 4 ohms and similar inductance would have a ten-fold narrower bandwidth.  Even if such a cartridge has also a lower inductance, that would not help much; the predicted value for f would still be well below 100kHz.

Thanks to everyone who has contributed to the thread so far. The explanations and the equations provided are very helpful in understanding how to find a good match.

@hagtech, I'm curious to your response on lewm's reply as I can see where the way you're calculating bandwidth may not be accurate.

I did see on Steve Hoffman Forums that there is a user using a BMC with a different Kiseki cartridge also with 40 Ohm impedance and doesn't seem to be experiencing any issues with it. It may be that Kiseki has lower than typical inductance?

It's a shame that cartridge manufacturers do not provide all the specs an end user may need to make better-informed decisions.