Super new to record players

I was able to reattach it but it’s probably the reason why the volume is low.

Or your phono input isn't actually a phono amplifier but simply a location to connect one.

It’s a phono input. 

For less than $250, I would look at the Nagaoka mp-110, or Sumiko Rainier.

But I’m sure you will get many Audio Technica and Ortofon recommendations. Can’t go wrong with those either. Or Grado.....but the hum....have one.

What do you mean about the hum? 

Grado’s , especially the Prestige series, are well known for the hum they create. Do a search for ‘Grado hum’, and you will find many posts about this. And it is hard to minimize as they are in unshielded. I have one, a Prestige Red with an 8MZ stylus. I like my Grado, and it doesn’t really bother much once you start playing an album. But it’s there. I don’t really use it anymore, so will probably be sold, or keep it as a backup to my backup, a Goldring 1042.