What is the best 5k-plus Preamp with balanced outs and Phono stage?

The recently discontinued Boulder 1010 would perfectly fit your description: an all balanced preamp with a very nice phono stage.

I operate a three tonearm turntable setup and also use the Boulder 1008 phono amp, which has two MM/MC inputs. You might think that the phono stage in the 1010 would have limited capabilities, thrown in as a bonus of sorts. But in direct comparison the MM stage of the 1010 is actually very close to the one in the 1008. However there is a huge quality jump using its MC stage, which for me justifies the cost. The 1008 has 70dB output and flexible loading, whereas the 1010 has 60dB MC output and a fixed 100 ohm loading, which doesn't sit too well with low output MC's. In order to accomodate those LOMC's I use its MM input with a SUT (vintage Entré ET-200 with 30dB output) to get the same gain level as with the 1008. In this configuration the sonics come pretty close to the 1008 in MC mode. Go figure!

If interested you should keeps tabs on hifishark for offers on the used market. The 1010 has been in production for more than 15 years, so they show up for sale on a regular basis. I think the going rate for a well preserved 1010 is around $6k. In my experience the Boulder is sonically quite neutral and not very fussy on the company it keeps (except its balanced only connectors do limit the choices). It's been a constant and highly dependable centre piece in my system that went through many changes over the years. I wouldn't know how it sounds with Ayre electronics, but at least they're both built in the same city!

BTW: the new Boulder 1110 has omitted the phono stage, so this is now a line stage preamp only.

I am looking for a preamp with a great phono stage to replace my Anthem D2V and match up with my Ayre MXR 20's.

Do you want the phono section balanced as well? FWIW all phono cartridges made are balanced sources (although they are not always treated that way by the tone arm wiring). To go with a balanced connection on the cartridge, usually all you do is replace the tone arm interconnect cable to the preamp. The advantage of this is that the cartridge is a very low impedance source, so the artifacts of the cable are thus minimized (since that is what the balanced line system is for anyway). This means that the tone arm cable does not have to be very pricey, it just has to be built right.

I was going to suggest the Boulder 1010 or 1012 (adds a four-input DAC), but user "edgewear" beat me to it.

Check out the Luxman Cl38U-SE.