Turntable or vinylology 101 for newbies.

I know I am not alone being in this novice stage of the game of learning how to match components in analog setups.
So I thought maybe I should start a thread that would explain things related to tt purchases and setups for all the new vinylphiles.
Like for instance which arm goes with which cartridge and which phono stage will match that cartridge?
Thanks in advance.