I'm a beginner

You need pre-amp and power amp; this can be separate units or a combo.  
  
You are gonna need a surround sound processor, so it’s either by a all-in-one surround receiver, or by separates, the latter much more expensive. 
 
I would recommend Denon/Marantz for consumer level and Anthem/Arcam for prosumer. However, Denon/Marantz are much better with updates for latest tech NAD is another good one, but again, I have a hard item finding any official documents stating whether they support modern formats (Dolby Vision for instance). 
 
I would suggest a Denon X3500, normally $1K, but on Amazon for $800:
https://www.amazon.com/gp/offer-listing/B07FMRD1RV/ref=olp_f_new?ie=UTF8&f_new=true
 
It has pre-outs so you can try a high-end power amp down the line if you want. 
 
I suggest using the room correction (Audyssey), though I do suggest the $20 app to adjust the target curve. If you want tips on doing the room correction and/or tips on adjusting it via the paid app, I can do that.

@mlimpression 
 
It won’t allow you to use a center channel, you’d need a surround sound receiver or processor for that.

@mlimpression

General rule of thumb is the front stage (3 speakers in your case) should make up at least 50% of your budget. So contrary to @n80, yes you do want $10,000 speakers+sub on a $15K budget. What amp/preamp you get is minutely important relative to what speakers, sub(s), and room treatment you get.

All your power amplification needs to do is supply enough wattage, at low enough distortion, and be (in my opinion) relatively neutral.

Unless you need high spouse approval, don’t get a MartinLogan subwoofer; get one from say Rythmik or PowerSoundAudio. Also, going dual provides a lot of room benefits, 2x $1500 subs sounds a lot better than 1x $3000 sub.

Have you given any thoughts on room treatment? Room treatment makes a vastly more beneficial upgrade in sonics than even the most expensive amplifier in world would achieve.

I firmly stand my suggestion of something like the Denon X3500 mentioned; which again you can hook up external power amps in the future if you ever want to see if they have a good enough benefit to be worth it.

A receiver is an all-in-one; you don’t use preamps and amps and receivers together. You can use an external amp on many receivers if you want more power or what have you. 
 
For your stated budget, you can move up from Denon/Marantz and get the Anthem MRX 720 ($2500 I believe).  
   
Speaker cables do not need to be “special”; you can pay more for Nice looking ones though. One nice option: 
* https://www.amazon.com/HannLinte-Speaker-Wire-10-0FTx2-Transparent/dp/B0778NCDNM/ 
 
Unless a super heavy vinyl guy, get the Rega P2, the 2M blue cartridge, and the for the phono preamp, this seems good:
https://www.loungeaudio.com/lcr-mr-iii 
 
This Sony 3D Blu-day player should work. 
 
As for cables (RCA, HDMI, etc.), SKW, sold on Amazon, are pretty good. Or, KabelDirek for no frills.